2. Background A. Basic of Memory Devices and Systems Increased memory bandwidth and capacity requirement. Typically, Mem chip are integrated and installed as Dual In-line Memory Module(DIMM) DIMM’s energy consumption is significant.(20% ~ 40% of entire system power consumption) PCM Pros, Ability to scale down, Low power consumption(1/3 of DRAM in operating state, zero idle state), Non-volatility..